A stingray is a false cell phone tower that can force phones in a geographical area to connect to it. Once these devices connect, the stingray can be used to either hone in on the target’s location or, with some models, actually eavesdrop on conversations, text messages, and web browser activity. It’s not clear how much the police cooperate with the cell phone carriers on this — in at least some cases, the police have gone to carriers with requests for information, while in others they seem to have taken a brute-force approach, dumping the data of every single user on a given tower and then sorting it to find the parties they’re interested in tracking. Stingrays can be used to force the phone to give up its user details, making it fairly easy for the police to match devices and account holders.
References
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/tracking-our-phones-how-stingray-devices-are-being-used-by-police/article29322747/
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/digital-culture/the-covert-cellphone-tracking-tech-the-rcmp-and-csis-wont-talk-about/article20579947/
http://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/vancouver-police-admit-to-having-used-mass-surveillance-device-stingray
http://motherboard.vice.com/read/local-police-canada-stingray-surveillance-without-warrant-vancouver-pd-imsi-catcher-rcmp
https://news.vice.com/article/police-in-washington-dc-are-using-the-secretive-stingray-cell-phone-tracking-tool
http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/28397/hacking/surveillance-solutions.html
https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security-technology-and-liberty/trickle-down-surveillance
https://www.aclu.org/maps/stingray-tracking-devices-whos-got-them
https://www.scribd.com/doc/238334715/Stingray-Phone-Tracker
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jul/18/lye-short-circuiting-stingray-surveillance/?page=all#pagebreak
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/12/08/cellphone-data-spying-nsa-police/3902809/
https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/rigmaiden_-_doj_stingray_emails_declaration.pdf
http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/09/meet-the-machines-that-steal-your-phones-data/2/
http://records.oaklandnet.com/feedback/request/2595
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